منابع مشابه
Optimism.
Optimism is an individual difference variable that reflects the extent to which people hold generalized favorable expectancies for their future. Higher levels of optimism have been related prospectively to better subjective well-being in times of adversity or difficulty (i.e., controlling for previous well-being). Consistent with such findings, optimism has been linked to higher levels of engag...
متن کاملQualified Ramifications
We consider the problem of ramifications, i.e., indirect effects of actions, having exceptions. It is argued that straightforward minimization of abnormality is insufficient in this context. Taking a recent causality-based solution to the plain Ramification Problem as starting point, we develop an action theory that is shown to successfully address this amalgamation of Ramification and Qualific...
متن کاملQualified ifications
We consider the problem of ramifications, i.e., indirect effects of actions, having exceptions. It is argued that straightforward minimization of abnormality is insufficient in this context. Taking a recent causality-based solution to the plain Ramification Problem as starting point, we develop an action theory that is shown to successfully address this amalgamation of Ramification and Qualific...
متن کاملForsaking Optimism
ly, focusing on desirable rather than feasible outcomes, and the salience of worst-case scenarios give way to better prospects. Shifts in predictions across time represent a natural response to changes in the prevailing informational and emotional context that maximize preparedness for possible outcomes and consequences. Fluctuations in predictions across time should not be taken as evidence of...
متن کاملDispositional optimism.
Optimism is a cognitive construct (expectancies regarding future outcomes) that also relates to motivation: optimistic people exert effort, whereas pessimistic people disengage from effort. Study of optimism began largely in health contexts, finding positive associations between optimism and markers of better psychological and physical health. Physical health effects likely occur through differ...
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ژورنال
عنوان ژورنال: Conservation Biology
سال: 2003
ISSN: 0888-8892,1523-1739
DOI: 10.1046/j.1523-1739.2003.01757.x